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docs(acls): add example use case
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Adrien Raffin-Caboisse
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docs/acls.md
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docs/acls.md
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@ -49,7 +49,231 @@ What could be improved would be to peer different headscale installation and all
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[1]: https://tailscale.com/kb/1068/acl-tags/
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[1]: https://tailscale.com/kb/1068/acl-tags/
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## Example
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## Get the better of both worlds
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Let's build an example use case for a small business (It may be the place where
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ACL's are the most useful).
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If the current behavior has a lot of use cases we could maybe have a flag to trigger one behavior or the other. Or enabling the ACL's behavior if an ACL file is defined.
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We have a small company with a boss, an admin, two developper and an intern.
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The boss should have access to all servers but not to the users hosts. Admin
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should also have access to all hosts except that their permissions should be
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limited to maintaining the hosts (for example purposes). The developers can do
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anything they want on dev hosts, but only watch on productions hosts. Intern
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can only interact with the development servers.
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Each user have at least a device connected to the network and we have some
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servers.
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- database.prod
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- database.dev
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- app-server1.prod
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- app-server1.dev
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- billing.internal
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### Current headscale implementation
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Let's create some namespaces
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```bash
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headscale namespaces create prod
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headscale namespaces create dev
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headscale namespaces create internal
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headscale namespaces create users
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headscale nodes register -n users boss-computer
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headscale nodes register -n users admin1-computer
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headscale nodes register -n users dev1-computer
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headscale nodes register -n users dev1-phone
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headscale nodes register -n users dev2-computer
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headscale nodes register -n users intern1-computer
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headscale nodes register -n prod database
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headscale nodes register -n prod app-server1
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headscale nodes register -n dev database
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headscale nodes register -n dev app-server1
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headscale nodes register -n internal billing
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headscale nodes list
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ID | Name | Namespace | IP address
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1 | boss-computer | users | 100.64.0.1
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2 | admin1-computer | users | 100.64.0.2
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3 | dev1-computer | users | 100.64.0.3
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4 | dev1-phone | users | 100.64.0.4
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5 | dev2-computer | users | 100.64.0.5
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6 | intern1-computer | users | 100.64.0.6
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7 | database | prod | 100.64.0.7
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8 | app-server1 | prod | 100.64.0.8
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9 | database | dev | 100.64.0.9
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10 | app-server1 | dev | 100.64.0.10
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11 | internal | internal | 100.64.0.11
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```
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In order to only allow the communications related to our description above we
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need to add the following ACLs
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```json
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{
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"hosts":{
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"boss-computer": "100.64.0.1",
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"admin1-computer": "100.64.0.2",
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"dev1-computer": "100.64.0.3",
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"dev1-phone": "100.64.0.4",
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"dev2-computer": "100.64.0.5",
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"intern1-computer": "100.64.0.6",
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"prod-app-server1": "100.64.0.8",
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},
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"groups":{
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"group:dev": ["dev1-computer", "dev1-phone", "dev2-computer"],
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"group:admin": ["admin1-computer"],
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"group:boss": ["boss-computer"],
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"group:intern": ["intern1-computer"],
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},
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"acls":[
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// boss have access to all servers but no users hosts
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{"action":"accept", "users":["group:boss"], "ports":["prod:*","dev:*","internal:*"]},
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// admin have access to adminstration port (lets only consider port 22 here)
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{"action":"accept", "users":["group:admin"], "ports":["prod:22","dev:22","internal:22"]},
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// dev can do anything on dev servers and check access on prod servers
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{"action":"accept", "users":["group:dev"], "ports":["dev:*","prod-app-server1:80,443"]},
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// interns only have access to port 80 and 443 on dev servers (lame internship)
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{"action":"accept", "users":["group:intern"], "ports":["dev:80,443"]},
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// users can access their own devices
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{"action":"accept", "users":["dev1-computer"], "ports":["dev1-phone:*"]},
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{"action":"accept", "users":["dev1-phone"], "ports":["dev1-computer:*"]},
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]
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}
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```
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Since communications between namespace isn't possible we also have to share the
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devices between the namespaces.
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```bash
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// add boss host to prod, dev and internal network
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headscale nodes share -i 1 -n prod
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headscale nodes share -i 1 -n dev
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headscale nodes share -i 1 -n internal
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// add admin computer to prod, dev and internal network
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headscale nodes share -i 2 -n prod
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headscale nodes share -i 2 -n dev
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headscale nodes share -i 2 -n internal
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// add all dev to prod and dev network
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headscale nodes share -i 3 -n dev
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headscale nodes share -i 4 -n dev
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headscale nodes share -i 3 -n prod
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headscale nodes share -i 4 -n prod
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headscale nodes share -i 5 -n dev
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headscale nodes share -i 5 -n prod
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headscale nodes share -i 6 -n dev
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```
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This fake network have not been tested but it should work. Operating it could
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be quite tedious if the company grows. Each time a new user join we have to add
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it to a group, and share it to the correct namespaces. If the user want
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multiple devices we have to allow communication to each of them one by one. If
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business conduct a change in the organisations we may have to rewrite all acls
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and reorganise all namespaces.
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If we add servers in production we should also update the ACLs to allow dev access to certain category of them (only app servers for example).
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### example based on the proposition in this document
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Let's create the namespaces
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```bash
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headscale namespaces create boss
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headscale namespaces create admin1
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headscale namespaces create dev1
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headscale namespaces create dev2
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headscale namespaces create intern1
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```
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We don't need to create namespaces for the servers because the servers will be
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tagged. When registering the servers we will need to add the flag
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`--advertised-tags=tag:<tag1>,tag:<tag2>`, and the user (namespace) that is
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registering the server should be allowed to do it. Since anyone can add tags to
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a server they can register, the check of the tags is done on headscale server
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and only valid tags are applied. A tag is valid if the namespace that is
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registering it is allowed to do it.
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Here are the ACL's to implement the same permissions as above:
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```json
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{
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// groups are simpler and only list the namespaces name
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"groups": {
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"group:boss": ["boss"],
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"group:dev": ["dev1","dev2"],
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"group:admin": ["admin1"],
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"group:intern": ["intern1"],
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},
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"tagOwners": {
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// the administrators can add servers in production
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"tag:prod-databases": ["group:admin"],
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"tag:prod-app-servers": ["group:admin"],
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// the boss can tag any server as internal
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"tag:internal": ["group:boss"],
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// dev can add servers for dev purposes as well as admins
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"tag:dev-databases": ["group:admin","group:dev"],
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"tag:dev-app-servers": ["group:admin", "group:dev"],
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// interns cannot add servers
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},
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"acls": [
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// boss have access to all servers
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{"action":"accept",
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"users":["group:boss"],
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"ports":[
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"tag:prod-databases:*",
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"tag:prod-app-servers:*",
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"tag:internal:*",
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"tag:dev-databases:*",
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"tag:dev-app-servers:*",
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]
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},
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// admin have only access to administrative ports of the servers
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{"action":"accept",
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"users":["group:admin"],
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"ports":[
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"tag:prod-databases:22",
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"tag:prod-app-servers:22",
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"tag:internal:22",
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"tag:dev-databases:22",
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"tag:dev-app-servers:22",
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]
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},
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{"action":"accept", "users":["group:dev"], "ports":[
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"tag:dev-databases:*",
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"tag:dev-app-servers:*",
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"tag:prod-app-servers:80,443",
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]
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},
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// interns have access to dev-app-servers only in reading mode
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{"action":"accept", "users":["group:intern"], "ports":["tag:dev-app-servers:80,443"]},
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// we still have to allow internal namespaces communications since nothing guarantees that each user have their own namespaces. This could be talked over.
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{"action":"accept", "users":["boss"], "ports":["boss:*"]},
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{"action":"accept", "users":["dev1"], "ports":["dev1:*"]},
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{"action":"accept", "users":["dev2"], "ports":["dev2:*"]},
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{"action":"accept", "users":["admin1"], "ports":["admin1:*"]},
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{"action":"accept", "users":["intern1"], "ports":["intern1:*"]},
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]
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}
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```
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With this implementation, the sharing step is not necessary. Maintenance cost of the ACL file is lower and less tedious (no need to map hostname and IP's into it).
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