Merge pull request #656 from juanfont/abandon-gin

Drop Gin as web framework for TS2019 API

CHANGELOG.md

@@ -30,8 +30,11 @@
 - Add -c option to specify config file from command line [#285](https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/issues/285) [#612](https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/pull/601)
 - Add configuration option to allow Tailscale clients to use a random WireGuard port. [kb/1181/firewalls](https://tailscale.com/kb/1181/firewalls) [#624](https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/pull/624)
 - Improve obtuse UX regarding missing configuration (`ephemeral_node_inactivity_timeout` not set) [#639](https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/pull/639)
+- Fix nodes being shown as 'offline' in `tailscale status` [648](https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/pull/648)
 - Fix nodes being shown as 'offline' in `tailscale status` [#648](https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/pull/648)
 - Improve shutdown behaviour [#651](https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/pull/651)
+- Drop Gin as web framework in Headscale [648](https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/pull/648)
+
 
 ## 0.15.0 (2022-03-20)
 

acls.go

@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ const (
 	expectedTokenItems = 2
 )
 
-// For some reason golang.org/x/net/internal/iana is an internal package
+// For some reason golang.org/x/net/internal/iana is an internal package.
 const (
 	protocolICMP     = 1   // Internet Control Message
 	protocolIGMP     = 2   // Internet Group Management

api.go

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ import (
 	"strings"
 	"time"
 
-	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
+	"github.com/gorilla/mux"
 	"github.com/klauspost/compress/zstd"
 	"github.com/rs/zerolog/log"
 	"gorm.io/gorm"
@@ -32,12 +32,19 @@ const (
 
 // KeyHandler provides the Headscale pub key
 // Listens in /key.
-func (h *Headscale) KeyHandler(ctx *gin.Context) {
-	ctx.Data(
-		http.StatusOK,
-		"text/plain; charset=utf-8",
-		[]byte(MachinePublicKeyStripPrefix(h.privateKey.Public())),
-	)
+func (h *Headscale) KeyHandler(
+	writer http.ResponseWriter,
+	req *http.Request,
+) {
+	writer.Header().Set("Content-Type", "text/plain; charset=utf-8")
+	writer.WriteHeader(http.StatusOK)
+	_, err := writer.Write([]byte(MachinePublicKeyStripPrefix(h.privateKey.Public())))
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Error().
+			Caller().
+			Err(err).
+			Msg("Failed to write response")
+	}
 }
 
 type registerWebAPITemplateConfig struct {
@@ -63,10 +70,21 @@ var registerWebAPITemplate = template.Must(
 
 // RegisterWebAPI shows a simple message in the browser to point to the CLI
 // Listens in /register.
-func (h *Headscale) RegisterWebAPI(ctx *gin.Context) {
-	machineKeyStr := ctx.Query("key")
+func (h *Headscale) RegisterWebAPI(
+	writer http.ResponseWriter,
+	req *http.Request,
+) {
+	machineKeyStr := req.URL.Query().Get("key")
 	if machineKeyStr == "" {
-		ctx.String(http.StatusBadRequest, "Wrong params")
+		writer.Header().Set("Content-Type", "text/plain; charset=utf-8")
+		writer.WriteHeader(http.StatusBadRequest)
+		_, err := writer.Write([]byte("Wrong params"))
+		if err != nil {
+			log.Error().
+				Caller().
+				Err(err).
+				Msg("Failed to write response")
+		}
 
 		return
 	}
@@ -79,21 +97,48 @@ func (h *Headscale) RegisterWebAPI(ctx *gin.Context) {
 			Str("func", "RegisterWebAPI").
 			Err(err).
 			Msg("Could not render register web API template")
-		ctx.Data(
-			http.StatusInternalServerError,
-			"text/html; charset=utf-8",
-			[]byte("Could not render register web API template"),
-		)
+		writer.Header().Set("Content-Type", "text/plain; charset=utf-8")
+		writer.WriteHeader(http.StatusInternalServerError)
+		_, err = writer.Write([]byte("Could not render register web API template"))
+		if err != nil {
+			log.Error().
+				Caller().
+				Err(err).
+				Msg("Failed to write response")
 		}
 
-	ctx.Data(http.StatusOK, "text/html; charset=utf-8", content.Bytes())
+		return
+	}
+
+	writer.Header().Set("Content-Type", "text/html; charset=utf-8")
+	writer.WriteHeader(http.StatusOK)
+	_, err := writer.Write(content.Bytes())
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Error().
+			Caller().
+			Err(err).
+			Msg("Failed to write response")
+	}
 }
 
 // RegistrationHandler handles the actual registration process of a machine
-// Endpoint /machine/:id.
-func (h *Headscale) RegistrationHandler(ctx *gin.Context) {
-	body, _ := io.ReadAll(ctx.Request.Body)
-	machineKeyStr := ctx.Param("id")
+// Endpoint /machine/:mkey.
+func (h *Headscale) RegistrationHandler(
+	writer http.ResponseWriter,
+	req *http.Request,
+) {
+	vars := mux.Vars(req)
+	machineKeyStr, ok := vars["mkey"]
+	if !ok || machineKeyStr == "" {
+		log.Error().
+			Str("handler", "RegistrationHandler").
+			Msg("No machine ID in request")
+		http.Error(writer, "No machine ID in request", http.StatusBadRequest)
+
+		return
+	}
+
+	body, _ := io.ReadAll(req.Body)
 
 	var machineKey key.MachinePublic
 	err := machineKey.UnmarshalText([]byte(MachinePublicKeyEnsurePrefix(machineKeyStr)))
@@ -103,19 +148,19 @@ func (h *Headscale) RegistrationHandler(ctx *gin.Context) {
 			Err(err).
 			Msg("Cannot parse machine key")
 		machineRegistrations.WithLabelValues("unknown", "web", "error", "unknown").Inc()
-		ctx.String(http.StatusInternalServerError, "Sad!")
+		http.Error(writer, "Cannot parse machine key", http.StatusBadRequest)
 
 		return
 	}
-	req := tailcfg.RegisterRequest{}
-	err = decode(body, &req, &machineKey, h.privateKey)
+	registerRequest := tailcfg.RegisterRequest{}
+	err = decode(body, &registerRequest, &machineKey, h.privateKey)
 	if err != nil {
 		log.Error().
 			Caller().
 			Err(err).
 			Msg("Cannot decode message")
 		machineRegistrations.WithLabelValues("unknown", "web", "error", "unknown").Inc()
-		ctx.String(http.StatusInternalServerError, "Very sad!")
+		http.Error(writer, "Cannot decode message", http.StatusBadRequest)
 
 		return
 	}
@@ -123,23 +168,23 @@ func (h *Headscale) RegistrationHandler(ctx *gin.Context) {
 	now := time.Now().UTC()
 	machine, err := h.GetMachineByMachineKey(machineKey)
 	if errors.Is(err, gorm.ErrRecordNotFound) {
-		log.Info().Str("machine", req.Hostinfo.Hostname).Msg("New machine")
+		log.Info().Str("machine", registerRequest.Hostinfo.Hostname).Msg("New machine")
 
 		machineKeyStr := MachinePublicKeyStripPrefix(machineKey)
 
 		// If the machine has AuthKey set, handle registration via PreAuthKeys
-		if req.Auth.AuthKey != "" {
-			h.handleAuthKey(ctx, machineKey, req)
+		if registerRequest.Auth.AuthKey != "" {
+			h.handleAuthKey(writer, req, machineKey, registerRequest)
 
 			return
 		}
 
-		givenName, err := h.GenerateGivenName(req.Hostinfo.Hostname)
+		givenName, err := h.GenerateGivenName(registerRequest.Hostinfo.Hostname)
 		if err != nil {
 			log.Error().
 				Caller().
 				Str("func", "RegistrationHandler").
-				Str("hostinfo.name", req.Hostinfo.Hostname).
+				Str("hostinfo.name", registerRequest.Hostinfo.Hostname).
 				Err(err)
 
 			return
@@ -151,20 +196,20 @@ func (h *Headscale) RegistrationHandler(ctx *gin.Context) {
 		// happens
 		newMachine := Machine{
 			MachineKey: machineKeyStr,
-			Hostname:   req.Hostinfo.Hostname,
+			Hostname:   registerRequest.Hostinfo.Hostname,
 			GivenName:  givenName,
-			NodeKey:    NodePublicKeyStripPrefix(req.NodeKey),
+			NodeKey:    NodePublicKeyStripPrefix(registerRequest.NodeKey),
 			LastSeen:   &now,
 			Expiry:     &time.Time{},
 		}
 
-		if !req.Expiry.IsZero() {
+		if !registerRequest.Expiry.IsZero() {
 			log.Trace().
 				Caller().
-				Str("machine", req.Hostinfo.Hostname).
-				Time("expiry", req.Expiry).
+				Str("machine", registerRequest.Hostinfo.Hostname).
+				Time("expiry", registerRequest.Expiry).
 				Msg("Non-zero expiry time requested")
-			newMachine.Expiry = &req.Expiry
+			newMachine.Expiry = &registerRequest.Expiry
 		}
 
 		h.registrationCache.Set(
@@ -173,7 +218,7 @@ func (h *Headscale) RegistrationHandler(ctx *gin.Context) {
 			registerCacheExpiration,
 		)
 
-		h.handleMachineRegistrationNew(ctx, machineKey, req)
+		h.handleMachineRegistrationNew(writer, req, machineKey, registerRequest)
 
 		return
 	}
@@ -185,11 +230,11 @@ func (h *Headscale) RegistrationHandler(ctx *gin.Context) {
 		// - Trying to log out (sending a expiry in the past)
 		// - A valid, registered machine, looking for the node map
 		// - Expired machine wanting to reauthenticate
-		if machine.NodeKey == NodePublicKeyStripPrefix(req.NodeKey) {
+		if machine.NodeKey == NodePublicKeyStripPrefix(registerRequest.NodeKey) {
 			// The client sends an Expiry in the past if the client is requesting to expire the key (aka logout)
 			//   https://github.com/tailscale/tailscale/blob/main/tailcfg/tailcfg.go#L648
-			if !req.Expiry.IsZero() && req.Expiry.UTC().Before(now) {
-				h.handleMachineLogOut(ctx, machineKey, *machine)
+			if !registerRequest.Expiry.IsZero() && registerRequest.Expiry.UTC().Before(now) {
+				h.handleMachineLogOut(writer, req, machineKey, *machine)
 
 				return
 			}
@@ -197,22 +242,22 @@ func (h *Headscale) RegistrationHandler(ctx *gin.Context) {
 			// If machine is not expired, and is register, we have a already accepted this machine,
 			// let it proceed with a valid registration
 			if !machine.isExpired() {
-				h.handleMachineValidRegistration(ctx, machineKey, *machine)
+				h.handleMachineValidRegistration(writer, req, machineKey, *machine)
 
 				return
 			}
 		}
 
 		// The NodeKey we have matches OldNodeKey, which means this is a refresh after a key expiration
-		if machine.NodeKey == NodePublicKeyStripPrefix(req.OldNodeKey) &&
+		if machine.NodeKey == NodePublicKeyStripPrefix(registerRequest.OldNodeKey) &&
 			!machine.isExpired() {
-			h.handleMachineRefreshKey(ctx, machineKey, req, *machine)
+			h.handleMachineRefreshKey(writer, req, machineKey, registerRequest, *machine)
 
 			return
 		}
 
 		// The machine has expired
-		h.handleMachineExpired(ctx, machineKey, req, *machine)
+		h.handleMachineExpired(writer, req, machineKey, registerRequest, *machine)
 
 		return
 	}
@@ -220,12 +265,12 @@ func (h *Headscale) RegistrationHandler(ctx *gin.Context) {
 
 func (h *Headscale) getMapResponse(
 	machineKey key.MachinePublic,
-	req tailcfg.MapRequest,
+	mapRequest tailcfg.MapRequest,
 	machine *Machine,
 ) ([]byte, error) {
 	log.Trace().
 		Str("func", "getMapResponse").
-		Str("machine", req.Hostinfo.Hostname).
+		Str("machine", mapRequest.Hostinfo.Hostname).
 		Msg("Creating Map response")
 	node, err := machine.toNode(h.cfg.BaseDomain, h.cfg.DNSConfig, true)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -286,12 +331,12 @@ func (h *Headscale) getMapResponse(
 
 	log.Trace().
 		Str("func", "getMapResponse").
-		Str("machine", req.Hostinfo.Hostname).
+		Str("machine", mapRequest.Hostinfo.Hostname).
 		// Interface("payload", resp).
 		Msgf("Generated map response: %s", tailMapResponseToString(resp))
 
 	var respBody []byte
-	if req.Compress == "zstd" {
+	if mapRequest.Compress == "zstd" {
 		src, err := json.Marshal(resp)
 		if err != nil {
 			log.Error().
@@ -357,7 +402,8 @@ func (h *Headscale) getMapKeepAliveResponse(
 }
 
 func (h *Headscale) handleMachineLogOut(
-	ctx *gin.Context,
+	writer http.ResponseWriter,
+	req *http.Request,
 	machineKey key.MachinePublic,
 	machine Machine,
 ) {
@@ -367,7 +413,17 @@ func (h *Headscale) handleMachineLogOut(
 		Str("machine", machine.Hostname).
 		Msg("Client requested logout")
 
-	h.ExpireMachine(&machine)
+	err := h.ExpireMachine(&machine)
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Error().
+			Caller().
+			Str("func", "handleMachineLogOut").
+			Err(err).
+			Msg("Failed to expire machine")
+		http.Error(writer, "Internal server error", http.StatusInternalServerError)
+
+		return
+	}
 
 	resp.AuthURL = ""
 	resp.MachineAuthorized = false
@@ -378,15 +434,25 @@ func (h *Headscale) handleMachineLogOut(
 			Caller().
 			Err(err).
 			Msg("Cannot encode message")
-		ctx.String(http.StatusInternalServerError, "")
+		http.Error(writer, "Internal server error", http.StatusInternalServerError)
 
 		return
 	}
-	ctx.Data(http.StatusOK, "application/json; charset=utf-8", respBody)
+
+	writer.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/json; charset=utf-8")
+	writer.WriteHeader(http.StatusOK)
+	_, err = writer.Write(respBody)
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Error().
+			Caller().
+			Err(err).
+			Msg("Failed to write response")
+	}
 }
 
 func (h *Headscale) handleMachineValidRegistration(
-	ctx *gin.Context,
+	writer http.ResponseWriter,
+	req *http.Request,
 	machineKey key.MachinePublic,
 	machine Machine,
 ) {
@@ -410,17 +476,27 @@ func (h *Headscale) handleMachineValidRegistration(
 			Msg("Cannot encode message")
 		machineRegistrations.WithLabelValues("update", "web", "error", machine.Namespace.Name).
 			Inc()
-		ctx.String(http.StatusInternalServerError, "")
+		http.Error(writer, "Internal server error", http.StatusInternalServerError)
 
 		return
 	}
 	machineRegistrations.WithLabelValues("update", "web", "success", machine.Namespace.Name).
 		Inc()
-	ctx.Data(http.StatusOK, "application/json; charset=utf-8", respBody)
+
+	writer.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/json; charset=utf-8")
+	writer.WriteHeader(http.StatusOK)
+	_, err = writer.Write(respBody)
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Error().
+			Caller().
+			Err(err).
+			Msg("Failed to write response")
+	}
 }
 
 func (h *Headscale) handleMachineExpired(
-	ctx *gin.Context,
+	writer http.ResponseWriter,
+	req *http.Request,
 	machineKey key.MachinePublic,
 	registerRequest tailcfg.RegisterRequest,
 	machine Machine,
@@ -433,7 +509,7 @@ func (h *Headscale) handleMachineExpired(
 		Msg("Machine registration has expired. Sending a authurl to register")
 
 	if registerRequest.Auth.AuthKey != "" {
-		h.handleAuthKey(ctx, machineKey, registerRequest)
+		h.handleAuthKey(writer, req, machineKey, registerRequest)
 
 		return
 	}
@@ -454,17 +530,27 @@ func (h *Headscale) handleMachineExpired(
 			Msg("Cannot encode message")
 		machineRegistrations.WithLabelValues("reauth", "web", "error", machine.Namespace.Name).
 			Inc()
-		ctx.String(http.StatusInternalServerError, "")
+		http.Error(writer, "Internal server error", http.StatusInternalServerError)
 
 		return
 	}
 	machineRegistrations.WithLabelValues("reauth", "web", "success", machine.Namespace.Name).
 		Inc()
-	ctx.Data(http.StatusOK, "application/json; charset=utf-8", respBody)
+
+	writer.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/json; charset=utf-8")
+	writer.WriteHeader(http.StatusOK)
+	_, err = writer.Write(respBody)
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Error().
+			Caller().
+			Err(err).
+			Msg("Failed to write response")
+	}
 }
 
 func (h *Headscale) handleMachineRefreshKey(
-	ctx *gin.Context,
+	writer http.ResponseWriter,
+	req *http.Request,
 	machineKey key.MachinePublic,
 	registerRequest tailcfg.RegisterRequest,
 	machine Machine,
@@ -481,7 +567,7 @@ func (h *Headscale) handleMachineRefreshKey(
 			Caller().
 			Err(err).
 			Msg("Failed to update machine key in the database")
-		ctx.String(http.StatusInternalServerError, "Internal server error")
+		http.Error(writer, "Internal server error", http.StatusInternalServerError)
 
 		return
 	}
@@ -494,15 +580,25 @@ func (h *Headscale) handleMachineRefreshKey(
 			Caller().
 			Err(err).
 			Msg("Cannot encode message")
-		ctx.String(http.StatusInternalServerError, "Internal server error")
+		http.Error(writer, "Internal server error", http.StatusInternalServerError)
 
 		return
 	}
-	ctx.Data(http.StatusOK, "application/json; charset=utf-8", respBody)
+
+	writer.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/json; charset=utf-8")
+	writer.WriteHeader(http.StatusOK)
+	_, err = writer.Write(respBody)
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Error().
+			Caller().
+			Err(err).
+			Msg("Failed to write response")
+	}
 }
 
 func (h *Headscale) handleMachineRegistrationNew(
-	ctx *gin.Context,
+	writer http.ResponseWriter,
+	req *http.Request,
 	machineKey key.MachinePublic,
 	registerRequest tailcfg.RegisterRequest,
 ) {
@@ -529,16 +625,26 @@ func (h *Headscale) handleMachineRegistrationNew(
 			Caller().
 			Err(err).
 			Msg("Cannot encode message")
-		ctx.String(http.StatusInternalServerError, "")
+		http.Error(writer, "Internal server error", http.StatusInternalServerError)
 
 		return
 	}
-	ctx.Data(http.StatusOK, "application/json; charset=utf-8", respBody)
+
+	writer.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/json; charset=utf-8")
+	writer.WriteHeader(http.StatusOK)
+	_, err = writer.Write(respBody)
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Error().
+			Caller().
+			Err(err).
+			Msg("Failed to write response")
+	}
 }
 
 // TODO: check if any locks are needed around IP allocation.
 func (h *Headscale) handleAuthKey(
-	ctx *gin.Context,
+	writer http.ResponseWriter,
+	req *http.Request,
 	machineKey key.MachinePublic,
 	registerRequest tailcfg.RegisterRequest,
 ) {
@@ -567,14 +673,23 @@ func (h *Headscale) handleAuthKey(
 				Str("machine", registerRequest.Hostinfo.Hostname).
 				Err(err).
 				Msg("Cannot encode message")
-			ctx.String(http.StatusInternalServerError, "")
+			http.Error(writer, "Internal server error", http.StatusInternalServerError)
 			machineRegistrations.WithLabelValues("new", RegisterMethodAuthKey, "error", pak.Namespace.Name).
 				Inc()
 
 			return
 		}
 
-		ctx.Data(http.StatusUnauthorized, "application/json; charset=utf-8", respBody)
+		writer.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/json; charset=utf-8")
+		writer.WriteHeader(http.StatusUnauthorized)
+		_, err = writer.Write(respBody)
+		if err != nil {
+			log.Error().
+				Caller().
+				Err(err).
+				Msg("Failed to write response")
+		}
+
 		log.Error().
 			Caller().
 			Str("func", "handleAuthKey").
@@ -611,7 +726,16 @@ func (h *Headscale) handleAuthKey(
 
 		machine.NodeKey = nodeKey
 		machine.AuthKeyID = uint(pak.ID)
-		h.RefreshMachine(machine, registerRequest.Expiry)
+		err := h.RefreshMachine(machine, registerRequest.Expiry)
+		if err != nil {
+			log.Error().
+				Caller().
+				Str("machine", machine.Hostname).
+				Err(err).
+				Msg("Failed to refresh machine")
+
+			return
+		}
 	} else {
 		now := time.Now().UTC()
 
@@ -648,16 +772,24 @@ func (h *Headscale) handleAuthKey(
 				Msg("could not register machine")
 			machineRegistrations.WithLabelValues("new", RegisterMethodAuthKey, "error", pak.Namespace.Name).
 				Inc()
-			ctx.String(
-				http.StatusInternalServerError,
-				"could not register machine",
-			)
+			http.Error(writer, "Internal server error", http.StatusInternalServerError)
 
 			return
 		}
 	}
 
-	h.UsePreAuthKey(pak)
+	err = h.UsePreAuthKey(pak)
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Error().
+			Caller().
+			Err(err).
+			Msg("Failed to use pre-auth key")
+		machineRegistrations.WithLabelValues("new", RegisterMethodAuthKey, "error", pak.Namespace.Name).
+			Inc()
+		http.Error(writer, "Internal server error", http.StatusInternalServerError)
+
+		return
+	}
 
 	resp.MachineAuthorized = true
 	resp.User = *pak.Namespace.toUser()
@@ -671,13 +803,22 @@ func (h *Headscale) handleAuthKey(
 			Msg("Cannot encode message")
 		machineRegistrations.WithLabelValues("new", RegisterMethodAuthKey, "error", pak.Namespace.Name).
 			Inc()
-		ctx.String(http.StatusInternalServerError, "Extremely sad!")
+		http.Error(writer, "Internal server error", http.StatusInternalServerError)
 
 		return
 	}
 	machineRegistrations.WithLabelValues("new", RegisterMethodAuthKey, "success", pak.Namespace.Name).
 		Inc()
-	ctx.Data(http.StatusOK, "application/json; charset=utf-8", respBody)
+	writer.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/json; charset=utf-8")
+	writer.WriteHeader(http.StatusOK)
+	_, err = writer.Write(respBody)
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Error().
+			Caller().
+			Err(err).
+			Msg("Failed to write response")
+	}
+
 	log.Info().
 		Str("func", "handleAuthKey").
 		Str("machine", registerRequest.Hostinfo.Hostname).

app.go

@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ import (
 
 	"github.com/coreos/go-oidc/v3/oidc"
 	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
+	"github.com/gorilla/mux"
 	grpc_middleware "github.com/grpc-ecosystem/go-grpc-middleware"
 	"github.com/grpc-ecosystem/grpc-gateway/v2/runtime"
 	v1 "github.com/juanfont/headscale/gen/go/headscale/v1"
@@ -93,6 +94,8 @@ type Headscale struct {
 	registrationCache *cache.Cache
 
 	ipAllocationMutex sync.Mutex
+
+	shutdownChan chan struct{}
 }
 
 // Look up the TLS constant relative to user-supplied TLS client
@@ -327,20 +330,31 @@ func (h *Headscale) grpcAuthenticationInterceptor(ctx context.Context,
 	return handler(ctx, req)
 }
 
-func (h *Headscale) httpAuthenticationMiddleware(ctx *gin.Context) {
+func (h *Headscale) httpAuthenticationMiddleware(next http.Handler) http.Handler {
+	return http.HandlerFunc(func(
+		writer http.ResponseWriter,
+		req *http.Request,
+	) {
 		log.Trace().
 			Caller().
-		Str("client_address", ctx.ClientIP()).
+			Str("client_address", req.RemoteAddr).
 			Msg("HTTP authentication invoked")
 
-	authHeader := ctx.GetHeader("authorization")
+		authHeader := req.Header.Get("authorization")
 
 		if !strings.HasPrefix(authHeader, AuthPrefix) {
 			log.Error().
 				Caller().
-			Str("client_address", ctx.ClientIP()).
+				Str("client_address", req.RemoteAddr).
 				Msg(`missing "Bearer " prefix in "Authorization" header`)
-		ctx.AbortWithStatus(http.StatusUnauthorized)
+			writer.WriteHeader(http.StatusUnauthorized)
+			_, err := writer.Write([]byte("Unauthorized"))
+			if err != nil {
+				log.Error().
+					Caller().
+					Err(err).
+					Msg("Failed to write response")
+			}
 
 			return
 		}
@@ -350,25 +364,40 @@ func (h *Headscale) httpAuthenticationMiddleware(ctx *gin.Context) {
 			log.Error().
 				Caller().
 				Err(err).
-			Str("client_address", ctx.ClientIP()).
+				Str("client_address", req.RemoteAddr).
 				Msg("failed to validate token")
 
-		ctx.AbortWithStatus(http.StatusInternalServerError)
+			writer.WriteHeader(http.StatusInternalServerError)
+			_, err := writer.Write([]byte("Unauthorized"))
+			if err != nil {
+				log.Error().
+					Caller().
+					Err(err).
+					Msg("Failed to write response")
+			}
 
 			return
 		}
 
 		if !valid {
 			log.Info().
-			Str("client_address", ctx.ClientIP()).
+				Str("client_address", req.RemoteAddr).
 				Msg("invalid token")
 
-		ctx.AbortWithStatus(http.StatusUnauthorized)
+			writer.WriteHeader(http.StatusUnauthorized)
+			_, err := writer.Write([]byte("Unauthorized"))
+			if err != nil {
+				log.Error().
+					Caller().
+					Err(err).
+					Msg("Failed to write response")
+			}
 
 			return
 		}
 
-	ctx.Next()
+		next.ServeHTTP(writer, req)
+	})
 }
 
 // ensureUnixSocketIsAbsent will check if the given path for headscales unix socket is clear
@@ -391,39 +420,48 @@ func (h *Headscale) createPrometheusRouter() *gin.Engine {
 	return promRouter
 }
 
-func (h *Headscale) createRouter(grpcMux *runtime.ServeMux) *gin.Engine {
-	router := gin.Default()
+func (h *Headscale) createRouter(grpcMux *runtime.ServeMux) *mux.Router {
+	router := mux.NewRouter()
 
-	router.GET(
+	router.HandleFunc(
 		"/health",
-		func(c *gin.Context) { c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"healthy": "ok"}) },
-	)
-	router.GET("/key", h.KeyHandler)
-	router.GET("/register", h.RegisterWebAPI)
-	router.POST("/machine/:id/map", h.PollNetMapHandler)
-	router.POST("/machine/:id", h.RegistrationHandler)
-	router.GET("/oidc/register/:mkey", h.RegisterOIDC)
-	router.GET("/oidc/callback", h.OIDCCallback)
-	router.GET("/apple", h.AppleConfigMessage)
-	router.GET("/apple/:platform", h.ApplePlatformConfig)
-	router.GET("/windows", h.WindowsConfigMessage)
-	router.GET("/windows/tailscale.reg", h.WindowsRegConfig)
-	router.GET("/swagger", SwaggerUI)
-	router.GET("/swagger/v1/openapiv2.json", SwaggerAPIv1)
+		func(writer http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request) {
+			writer.WriteHeader(http.StatusOK)
+			_, err := writer.Write([]byte("{\"healthy\": \"ok\"}"))
+			if err != nil {
+				log.Error().
+					Caller().
+					Err(err).
+					Msg("Failed to write response")
+			}
+		}).Methods(http.MethodGet)
+
+	router.HandleFunc("/key", h.KeyHandler).Methods(http.MethodGet)
+	router.HandleFunc("/register", h.RegisterWebAPI).Methods(http.MethodGet)
+	router.HandleFunc("/machine/{mkey}/map", h.PollNetMapHandler).Methods(http.MethodPost)
+	router.HandleFunc("/machine/{mkey}", h.RegistrationHandler).Methods(http.MethodPost)
+	router.HandleFunc("/oidc/register/{mkey}", h.RegisterOIDC).Methods(http.MethodGet)
+	router.HandleFunc("/oidc/callback", h.OIDCCallback).Methods(http.MethodGet)
+	router.HandleFunc("/apple", h.AppleConfigMessage).Methods(http.MethodGet)
+	router.HandleFunc("/apple/{platform}", h.ApplePlatformConfig).Methods(http.MethodGet)
+	router.HandleFunc("/windows", h.WindowsConfigMessage).Methods(http.MethodGet)
+	router.HandleFunc("/windows/tailscale.reg", h.WindowsRegConfig).Methods(http.MethodGet)
+	router.HandleFunc("/swagger", SwaggerUI).Methods(http.MethodGet)
+	router.HandleFunc("/swagger/v1/openapiv2.json", SwaggerAPIv1).Methods(http.MethodGet)
 
 	if h.cfg.DERP.ServerEnabled {
-		router.Any("/derp", h.DERPHandler)
-		router.Any("/derp/probe", h.DERPProbeHandler)
-		router.Any("/bootstrap-dns", h.DERPBootstrapDNSHandler)
+		router.HandleFunc("/derp", h.DERPHandler)
+		router.HandleFunc("/derp/probe", h.DERPProbeHandler)
+		router.HandleFunc("/bootstrap-dns", h.DERPBootstrapDNSHandler)
 	}
 
-	api := router.Group("/api")
+	api := router.PathPrefix("/api").Subrouter()
 	api.Use(h.httpAuthenticationMiddleware)
 	{
-		api.Any("/v1/*any", gin.WrapF(grpcMux.ServeHTTP))
+		api.HandleFunc("/v1/*any", grpcMux.ServeHTTP)
 	}
 
-	router.NoRoute(stdoutHandler)
+	router.PathPrefix("/").HandlerFunc(stdoutHandler)
 
 	return router
 }
@@ -631,6 +669,7 @@ func (h *Headscale) Serve() error {
 		Msgf("listening and serving metrics on: %s", h.cfg.MetricsAddr)
 
 	// Handle common process-killing signals so we can gracefully shut down:
+	h.shutdownChan = make(chan struct{})
 	sigc := make(chan os.Signal, 1)
 	signal.Notify(sigc,
 		syscall.SIGHUP,
@@ -668,6 +707,8 @@ func (h *Headscale) Serve() error {
 					Str("signal", sig.String()).
 					Msg("Received signal to stop, shutting down gracefully")
 
+				h.shutdownChan <- struct{}{}
+
 				// Gracefully shut down servers
 				ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), HTTPShutdownTimeout)
 				if err := promHTTPServer.Shutdown(ctx); err != nil {
@@ -831,13 +872,16 @@ func (h *Headscale) getLastStateChange(namespaces ...string) time.Time {
 	}
 }
 
-func stdoutHandler(ctx *gin.Context) {
-	body, _ := io.ReadAll(ctx.Request.Body)
+func stdoutHandler(
+	writer http.ResponseWriter,
+	req *http.Request,
+) {
+	body, _ := io.ReadAll(req.Body)
 
 	log.Trace().
-		Interface("header", ctx.Request.Header).
-		Interface("proto", ctx.Request.Proto).
-		Interface("url", ctx.Request.URL).
+		Interface("header", req.Header).
+		Interface("proto", req.Proto).
+		Interface("url", req.URL).
 		Bytes("body", body).
 		Msg("Request did not match")
 }

db.go

@@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ func (h *Headscale) initDB() error {
 			log.Error().Err(err).Msg("Error accessing db")
 		}
 
-		for _, machine := range machines {
+		for item, machine := range machines {
 			if machine.GivenName == "" {
 				normalizedHostname, err := NormalizeToFQDNRules(
 					machine.Hostname,
@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ func (h *Headscale) initDB() error {
 						Msg("Failed to normalize machine hostname in DB migration")
 				}
 
-				err = h.RenameMachine(&machine, normalizedHostname)
+				err = h.RenameMachine(&machines[item], normalizedHostname)
 				if err != nil {
 					log.Error().
 						Caller().
@@ -111,7 +111,6 @@ func (h *Headscale) initDB() error {
 						Err(err).
 						Msg("Failed to save normalized machine name in DB migration")
 				}
-
 			}
 		}
 	}

derp_server.go

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ package headscale
 
 import (
 	"context"
+	"encoding/json"
 	"fmt"
 	"net"
 	"net/http"
@@ -10,7 +11,6 @@ import (
 	"strings"
 	"time"
 
-	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
 	"github.com/rs/zerolog/log"
 	"tailscale.com/derp"
 	"tailscale.com/net/stun"
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@ type DERPServer struct {
 }
 
 func (h *Headscale) NewDERPServer() (*DERPServer, error) {
+	log.Trace().Caller().Msg("Creating new embedded DERP server")
 	server := derp.NewServer(key.NodePrivate(*h.privateKey), log.Info().Msgf)
 	region, err := h.generateRegionLocalDERP()
 	if err != nil {
@@ -87,30 +88,48 @@ func (h *Headscale) generateRegionLocalDERP() (tailcfg.DERPRegion, error) {
 	}
 	localDERPregion.Nodes[0].STUNPort = portSTUN
 
+	log.Info().Caller().Msgf("DERP region: %+v", localDERPregion)
+
 	return localDERPregion, nil
 }
 
-func (h *Headscale) DERPHandler(ctx *gin.Context) {
-	log.Trace().Caller().Msgf("/derp request from %v", ctx.ClientIP())
-	up := strings.ToLower(ctx.Request.Header.Get("Upgrade"))
+func (h *Headscale) DERPHandler(
+	writer http.ResponseWriter,
+	req *http.Request,
+) {
+	log.Trace().Caller().Msgf("/derp request from %v", req.RemoteAddr)
+	up := strings.ToLower(req.Header.Get("Upgrade"))
 	if up != "websocket" && up != "derp" {
 		if up != "" {
 			log.Warn().Caller().Msgf("Weird websockets connection upgrade: %q", up)
 		}
-		ctx.String(http.StatusUpgradeRequired, "DERP requires connection upgrade")
+		writer.Header().Set("Content-Type", "text/plain")
+		writer.WriteHeader(http.StatusUpgradeRequired)
+		_, err := writer.Write([]byte("DERP requires connection upgrade"))
+		if err != nil {
+			log.Error().
+				Caller().
+				Err(err).
+				Msg("Failed to write response")
+		}
 
 		return
 	}
 
-	fastStart := ctx.Request.Header.Get(fastStartHeader) == "1"
+	fastStart := req.Header.Get(fastStartHeader) == "1"
 
-	hijacker, ok := ctx.Writer.(http.Hijacker)
+	hijacker, ok := writer.(http.Hijacker)
 	if !ok {
 		log.Error().Caller().Msg("DERP requires Hijacker interface from Gin")
-		ctx.String(
-			http.StatusInternalServerError,
-			"HTTP does not support general TCP support",
-		)
+		writer.Header().Set("Content-Type", "text/plain")
+		writer.WriteHeader(http.StatusInternalServerError)
+		_, err := writer.Write([]byte("HTTP does not support general TCP support"))
+		if err != nil {
+			log.Error().
+				Caller().
+				Err(err).
+				Msg("Failed to write response")
+		}
 
 		return
 	}
@@ -118,13 +137,19 @@ func (h *Headscale) DERPHandler(ctx *gin.Context) {
 	netConn, conn, err := hijacker.Hijack()
 	if err != nil {
 		log.Error().Caller().Err(err).Msgf("Hijack failed")
-		ctx.String(
-			http.StatusInternalServerError,
-			"HTTP does not support general TCP support",
-		)
+		writer.Header().Set("Content-Type", "text/plain")
+		writer.WriteHeader(http.StatusInternalServerError)
+		_, err = writer.Write([]byte("HTTP does not support general TCP support"))
+		if err != nil {
+			log.Error().
+				Caller().
+				Err(err).
+				Msg("Failed to write response")
+		}
 
 		return
 	}
+	log.Trace().Caller().Msgf("Hijacked connection from %v", req.RemoteAddr)
 
 	if !fastStart {
 		pubKey := h.privateKey.Public()
@@ -143,12 +168,23 @@ func (h *Headscale) DERPHandler(ctx *gin.Context) {
 
 // DERPProbeHandler is the endpoint that js/wasm clients hit to measure
 // DERP latency, since they can't do UDP STUN queries.
-func (h *Headscale) DERPProbeHandler(ctx *gin.Context) {
-	switch ctx.Request.Method {
+func (h *Headscale) DERPProbeHandler(
+	writer http.ResponseWriter,
+	req *http.Request,
+) {
+	switch req.Method {
 	case "HEAD", "GET":
-		ctx.Writer.Header().Set("Access-Control-Allow-Origin", "*")
+		writer.Header().Set("Access-Control-Allow-Origin", "*")
+		writer.WriteHeader(http.StatusOK)
 	default:
-		ctx.String(http.StatusMethodNotAllowed, "bogus probe method")
+		writer.WriteHeader(http.StatusMethodNotAllowed)
+		_, err := writer.Write([]byte("bogus probe method"))
+		if err != nil {
+			log.Error().
+				Caller().
+				Err(err).
+				Msg("Failed to write response")
+		}
 	}
 }
 
@@ -159,15 +195,18 @@ func (h *Headscale) DERPProbeHandler(ctx *gin.Context) {
 // The initial implementation is here https://github.com/tailscale/tailscale/pull/1406
 // They have a cache, but not clear if that is really necessary at Headscale, uh, scale.
 // An example implementation is found here https://derp.tailscale.com/bootstrap-dns
-func (h *Headscale) DERPBootstrapDNSHandler(ctx *gin.Context) {
+func (h *Headscale) DERPBootstrapDNSHandler(
+	writer http.ResponseWriter,
+	req *http.Request,
+) {
 	dnsEntries := make(map[string][]net.IP)
 
 	resolvCtx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), time.Minute)
 	defer cancel()
-	var r net.Resolver
+	var resolver net.Resolver
 	for _, region := range h.DERPMap.Regions {
 		for _, node := range region.Nodes { // we don't care if we override some nodes
-			addrs, err := r.LookupIP(resolvCtx, "ip", node.HostName)
+			addrs, err := resolver.LookupIP(resolvCtx, "ip", node.HostName)
 			if err != nil {
 				log.Trace().
 					Caller().
@@ -179,7 +218,15 @@ func (h *Headscale) DERPBootstrapDNSHandler(ctx *gin.Context) {
 			dnsEntries[node.HostName] = addrs
 		}
 	}
-	ctx.JSON(http.StatusOK, dnsEntries)
+	writer.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
+	writer.WriteHeader(http.StatusOK)
+	err := json.NewEncoder(writer).Encode(dnsEntries)
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Error().
+			Caller().
+			Err(err).
+			Msg("Failed to write response")
+	}
 }
 
 // ServeSTUN starts a STUN server on the configured addr.

flake.nix

@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@
 
               # When updating go.mod or go.sum, a new sha will need to be calculated,
               # update this if you have a mismatch after doing a change to thos files.
-              vendorSha256 = "sha256-j/hI6vP92UmcexFfzCe5fkGE8QUdQdNajSxMGib175Q=";
+              vendorSha256 = "sha256-T6rH+aqofFmCPxDfoA5xd3kNUJeZkT4GRyuFEnenps8=";
 
               ldflags = [ "-s" "-w" "-X github.com/juanfont/headscale/cmd/headscale/cli.Version=v${version}" ];
             };

go.mod

@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ require (
 	github.com/gin-gonic/gin v1.7.7
 	github.com/glebarez/sqlite v1.4.3
 	github.com/gofrs/uuid v4.2.0+incompatible
+	github.com/gorilla/mux v1.8.0
 	github.com/grpc-ecosystem/go-grpc-middleware v1.3.0
 	github.com/grpc-ecosystem/grpc-gateway/v2 v2.10.0
 	github.com/klauspost/compress v1.15.4

go.sum

@@ -403,6 +403,7 @@ github.com/gopherjs/gopherjs v0.0.0-20181017120253-0766667cb4d1/go.mod h1:wJfORR
 github.com/gordonklaus/ineffassign v0.0.0-20200309095847-7953dde2c7bf/go.mod h1:cuNKsD1zp2v6XfE/orVX2QE1LC+i254ceGcVeDT3pTU=
 github.com/gordonklaus/ineffassign v0.0.0-20210225214923-2e10b2664254/go.mod h1:M9mZEtGIsR1oDaZagNPNG9iq9n2HrhZ17dsXk73V3Lw=
 github.com/gorhill/cronexpr v0.0.0-20180427100037-88b0669f7d75/go.mod h1:g2644b03hfBX9Ov0ZBDgXXens4rxSxmqFBbhvKv2yVA=
+github.com/gorilla/mux v1.8.0 h1:i40aqfkR1h2SlN9hojwV5ZA91wcXFOvkdNIeFDP5koI=
 github.com/gorilla/mux v1.8.0/go.mod h1:DVbg23sWSpFRCP0SfiEN6jmj59UnW/n46BH5rLB71So=
 github.com/gorilla/websocket v0.0.0-20170926233335-4201258b820c/go.mod h1:E7qHFY5m1UJ88s3WnNqhKjPHQ0heANvMoAMk2YaljkQ=
 github.com/gorilla/websocket v1.4.1/go.mod h1:YR8l580nyteQvAITg2hZ9XVh4b55+EU/adAjf1fMHhE=

machine.go

@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@ const (
 	errCouldNotConvertMachineInterface = Error("failed to convert machine interface")
 	errHostnameTooLong                 = Error("Hostname too long")
 	MachineGivenNameHashLength         = 8
+	MachineGivenNameTrimSize           = 2
 )
 
 const (
@@ -898,7 +899,7 @@ func (machine *Machine) RoutesToProto() *v1.Routes {
 func (h *Headscale) GenerateGivenName(suppliedName string) (string, error) {
 	// If a hostname is or will be longer than 63 chars after adding the hash,
 	// it needs to be trimmed.
-	trimmedHostnameLength := labelHostnameLength - MachineGivenNameHashLength - 2
+	trimmedHostnameLength := labelHostnameLength - MachineGivenNameHashLength - MachineGivenNameTrimSize
 
 	normalizedHostname, err := NormalizeToFQDNRules(
 		suppliedName,

machine_test.go

@@ -249,10 +249,12 @@ func (s *Suite) TestExpireMachine(c *check.C) {
 
 	machineFromDB, err := app.GetMachine("test", "testmachine")
 	c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
+	c.Assert(machineFromDB, check.NotNil)
 
 	c.Assert(machineFromDB.isExpired(), check.Equals, false)
 
-	app.ExpireMachine(machineFromDB)
+	err = app.ExpireMachine(machineFromDB)
+	c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
 
 	c.Assert(machineFromDB.isExpired(), check.Equals, true)
 }
@@ -918,6 +920,7 @@ func TestHeadscale_GenerateGivenName(t *testing.T) {
 					err,
 					tt.wantErr,
 				)
+
 				return
 			}
 

oidc.go

@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ import (
 	"time"
 
 	"github.com/coreos/go-oidc/v3/oidc"
-	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
+	"github.com/gorilla/mux"
 	"github.com/rs/zerolog/log"
 	"golang.org/x/oauth2"
 	"tailscale.com/types/key"
@@ -63,10 +63,17 @@ func (h *Headscale) initOIDC() error {
 // RegisterOIDC redirects to the OIDC provider for authentication
 // Puts machine key in cache so the callback can retrieve it using the oidc state param
 // Listens in /oidc/register/:mKey.
-func (h *Headscale) RegisterOIDC(ctx *gin.Context) {
-	machineKeyStr := ctx.Param("mkey")
-	if machineKeyStr == "" {
-		ctx.String(http.StatusBadRequest, "Wrong params")
+func (h *Headscale) RegisterOIDC(
+	writer http.ResponseWriter,
+	req *http.Request,
+) {
+	vars := mux.Vars(req)
+	machineKeyStr, ok := vars["mkey"]
+	if !ok || machineKeyStr == "" {
+		log.Error().
+			Caller().
+			Msg("Missing machine key in URL")
+		http.Error(writer, "Missing machine key in URL", http.StatusBadRequest)
 
 		return
 	}
@@ -81,7 +88,7 @@ func (h *Headscale) RegisterOIDC(ctx *gin.Context) {
 		log.Error().
 			Caller().
 			Msg("could not read 16 bytes from rand")
-		ctx.String(http.StatusInternalServerError, "could not read 16 bytes from rand")
+		http.Error(writer, "Internal server error", http.StatusInternalServerError)
 
 		return
 	}
@@ -101,7 +108,7 @@ func (h *Headscale) RegisterOIDC(ctx *gin.Context) {
 	authURL := h.oauth2Config.AuthCodeURL(stateStr, extras...)
 	log.Debug().Msgf("Redirecting to %s for authentication", authURL)
 
-	ctx.Redirect(http.StatusFound, authURL)
+	http.Redirect(writer, req, authURL, http.StatusFound)
 }
 
 type oidcCallbackTemplateConfig struct {
@@ -125,12 +132,23 @@ var oidcCallbackTemplate = template.Must(
 // TODO: A confirmation page for new machines should be added to avoid phishing vulnerabilities
 // TODO: Add groups information from OIDC tokens into machine HostInfo
 // Listens in /oidc/callback.
-func (h *Headscale) OIDCCallback(ctx *gin.Context) {
-	code := ctx.Query("code")
-	state := ctx.Query("state")
+func (h *Headscale) OIDCCallback(
+	writer http.ResponseWriter,
+	req *http.Request,
+) {
+	code := req.URL.Query().Get("code")
+	state := req.URL.Query().Get("state")
 
 	if code == "" || state == "" {
-		ctx.String(http.StatusBadRequest, "Wrong params")
+		writer.Header().Set("Content-Type", "text/plain; charset=utf-8")
+		writer.WriteHeader(http.StatusBadRequest)
+		_, err := writer.Write([]byte("Wrong params"))
+		if err != nil {
+			log.Error().
+				Caller().
+				Err(err).
+				Msg("Failed to write response")
+		}
 
 		return
 	}
@@ -141,7 +159,15 @@ func (h *Headscale) OIDCCallback(ctx *gin.Context) {
 			Err(err).
 			Caller().
 			Msg("Could not exchange code for token")
-		ctx.String(http.StatusBadRequest, "Could not exchange code for token")
+		writer.Header().Set("Content-Type", "text/plain; charset=utf-8")
+		writer.WriteHeader(http.StatusBadRequest)
+		_, err := writer.Write([]byte("Could not exchange code for token"))
+		if err != nil {
+			log.Error().
+				Caller().
+				Err(err).
+				Msg("Failed to write response")
+		}
 
 		return
 	}
@@ -154,7 +180,15 @@ func (h *Headscale) OIDCCallback(ctx *gin.Context) {
 
 	rawIDToken, rawIDTokenOK := oauth2Token.Extra("id_token").(string)
 	if !rawIDTokenOK {
-		ctx.String(http.StatusBadRequest, "Could not extract ID Token")
+		writer.Header().Set("Content-Type", "text/plain; charset=utf-8")
+		writer.WriteHeader(http.StatusBadRequest)
+		_, err := writer.Write([]byte("Could not extract ID Token"))
+		if err != nil {
+			log.Error().
+				Caller().
+				Err(err).
+				Msg("Failed to write response")
+		}
 
 		return
 	}
@@ -167,7 +201,15 @@ func (h *Headscale) OIDCCallback(ctx *gin.Context) {
 			Err(err).
 			Caller().
 			Msg("failed to verify id token")
-		ctx.String(http.StatusBadRequest, "Failed to verify id token")
+		writer.Header().Set("Content-Type", "text/plain; charset=utf-8")
+		writer.WriteHeader(http.StatusBadRequest)
+		_, err := writer.Write([]byte("Failed to verify id token"))
+		if err != nil {
+			log.Error().
+				Caller().
+				Err(err).
+				Msg("Failed to write response")
+		}
 
 		return
 	}
@@ -186,10 +228,15 @@ func (h *Headscale) OIDCCallback(ctx *gin.Context) {
 			Err(err).
 			Caller().
 			Msg("Failed to decode id token claims")
-		ctx.String(
-			http.StatusBadRequest,
-			"Failed to decode id token claims",
-		)
+		writer.Header().Set("Content-Type", "text/plain; charset=utf-8")
+		writer.WriteHeader(http.StatusBadRequest)
+		_, err := writer.Write([]byte("Failed to decode id token claims"))
+		if err != nil {
+			log.Error().
+				Caller().
+				Err(err).
+				Msg("Failed to write response")
+		}
 
 		return
 	}
@@ -199,10 +246,15 @@ func (h *Headscale) OIDCCallback(ctx *gin.Context) {
 		if at := strings.LastIndex(claims.Email, "@"); at < 0 ||
 			!IsStringInSlice(h.cfg.OIDC.AllowedDomains, claims.Email[at+1:]) {
 			log.Error().Msg("authenticated principal does not match any allowed domain")
-			ctx.String(
-				http.StatusBadRequest,
-				"unauthorized principal (domain mismatch)",
-			)
+			writer.Header().Set("Content-Type", "text/plain; charset=utf-8")
+			writer.WriteHeader(http.StatusBadRequest)
+			_, err := writer.Write([]byte("unauthorized principal (domain mismatch)"))
+			if err != nil {
+				log.Error().
+					Caller().
+					Err(err).
+					Msg("Failed to write response")
+			}
 
 			return
 		}
@@ -212,7 +264,15 @@ func (h *Headscale) OIDCCallback(ctx *gin.Context) {
 	if len(h.cfg.OIDC.AllowedUsers) > 0 &&
 		!IsStringInSlice(h.cfg.OIDC.AllowedUsers, claims.Email) {
 		log.Error().Msg("authenticated principal does not match any allowed user")
-		ctx.String(http.StatusBadRequest, "unauthorized principal (user mismatch)")
+		writer.Header().Set("Content-Type", "text/plain; charset=utf-8")
+		writer.WriteHeader(http.StatusBadRequest)
+		_, err := writer.Write([]byte("unauthorized principal (user mismatch)"))
+		if err != nil {
+			log.Error().
+				Caller().
+				Err(err).
+				Msg("Failed to write response")
+		}
 
 		return
 	}
@@ -223,7 +283,15 @@ func (h *Headscale) OIDCCallback(ctx *gin.Context) {
 	if !machineKeyFound {
 		log.Error().
 			Msg("requested machine state key expired before authorisation completed")
-		ctx.String(http.StatusBadRequest, "state has expired")
+		writer.Header().Set("Content-Type", "text/plain; charset=utf-8")
+		writer.WriteHeader(http.StatusBadRequest)
+		_, err := writer.Write([]byte("state has expired"))
+		if err != nil {
+			log.Error().
+				Caller().
+				Err(err).
+				Msg("Failed to write response")
+		}
 
 		return
 	}
@@ -237,17 +305,30 @@ func (h *Headscale) OIDCCallback(ctx *gin.Context) {
 	if err != nil {
 		log.Error().
 			Msg("could not parse machine public key")
-		ctx.String(http.StatusBadRequest, "could not parse public key")
+		writer.Header().Set("Content-Type", "text/plain; charset=utf-8")
+		writer.WriteHeader(http.StatusBadRequest)
+		_, err := writer.Write([]byte("could not parse public key"))
+		if err != nil {
+			log.Error().
+				Caller().
+				Err(err).
+				Msg("Failed to write response")
+		}
 
 		return
 	}
 
 	if !machineKeyOK {
 		log.Error().Msg("could not get machine key from cache")
-		ctx.String(
-			http.StatusInternalServerError,
-			"could not get machine key from cache",
-		)
+		writer.Header().Set("Content-Type", "text/plain; charset=utf-8")
+		writer.WriteHeader(http.StatusInternalServerError)
+		_, err := writer.Write([]byte("could not get machine key from cache"))
+		if err != nil {
+			log.Error().
+				Caller().
+				Err(err).
+				Msg("Failed to write response")
+		}
 
 		return
 	}
@@ -264,7 +345,16 @@ func (h *Headscale) OIDCCallback(ctx *gin.Context) {
 			Str("machine", machine.Hostname).
 			Msg("machine already registered, reauthenticating")
 
-		h.RefreshMachine(machine, time.Time{})
+		err := h.RefreshMachine(machine, time.Time{})
+		if err != nil {
+			log.Error().
+				Caller().
+				Err(err).
+				Msg("Failed to refresh machine")
+			http.Error(writer, "Failed to refresh machine", http.StatusInternalServerError)
+
+			return
+		}
 
 		var content bytes.Buffer
 		if err := oidcCallbackTemplate.Execute(&content, oidcCallbackTemplateConfig{
@@ -276,14 +366,29 @@ func (h *Headscale) OIDCCallback(ctx *gin.Context) {
 				Str("type", "reauthenticate").
 				Err(err).
 				Msg("Could not render OIDC callback template")
-			ctx.Data(
-				http.StatusInternalServerError,
-				"text/html; charset=utf-8",
-				[]byte("Could not render OIDC callback template"),
-			)
+
+			writer.Header().Set("Content-Type", "text/plain; charset=utf-8")
+			writer.WriteHeader(http.StatusInternalServerError)
+			_, err := writer.Write([]byte("Could not render OIDC callback template"))
+			if err != nil {
+				log.Error().
+					Caller().
+					Err(err).
+					Msg("Failed to write response")
 			}
 
-		ctx.Data(http.StatusOK, "text/html; charset=utf-8", content.Bytes())
+			return
+		}
+
+		writer.Header().Set("Content-Type", "text/html; charset=utf-8")
+		writer.WriteHeader(http.StatusOK)
+		_, err = writer.Write(content.Bytes())
+		if err != nil {
+			log.Error().
+				Caller().
+				Err(err).
+				Msg("Failed to write response")
+		}
 
 		return
 	}
@@ -294,10 +399,15 @@ func (h *Headscale) OIDCCallback(ctx *gin.Context) {
 	)
 	if err != nil {
 		log.Error().Err(err).Caller().Msgf("couldn't normalize email")
-		ctx.String(
-			http.StatusInternalServerError,
-			"couldn't normalize email",
-		)
+		writer.Header().Set("Content-Type", "text/plain; charset=utf-8")
+		writer.WriteHeader(http.StatusInternalServerError)
+		_, err := writer.Write([]byte("couldn't normalize email"))
+		if err != nil {
+			log.Error().
+				Caller().
+				Err(err).
+				Msg("Failed to write response")
+		}
 
 		return
 	}
@@ -314,10 +424,15 @@ func (h *Headscale) OIDCCallback(ctx *gin.Context) {
 				Err(err).
 				Caller().
 				Msgf("could not create new namespace '%s'", namespaceName)
-			ctx.String(
-				http.StatusInternalServerError,
-				"could not create new namespace",
-			)
+			writer.Header().Set("Content-Type", "text/plain; charset=utf-8")
+			writer.WriteHeader(http.StatusInternalServerError)
+			_, err := writer.Write([]byte("could not create namespace"))
+			if err != nil {
+				log.Error().
+					Caller().
+					Err(err).
+					Msg("Failed to write response")
+			}
 
 			return
 		}
@@ -327,10 +442,15 @@ func (h *Headscale) OIDCCallback(ctx *gin.Context) {
 			Err(err).
 			Str("namespace", namespaceName).
 			Msg("could not find or create namespace")
-		ctx.String(
-			http.StatusInternalServerError,
-			"could not find or create namespace",
-		)
+		writer.Header().Set("Content-Type", "text/plain; charset=utf-8")
+		writer.WriteHeader(http.StatusInternalServerError)
+		_, err := writer.Write([]byte("could not find or create namespace"))
+		if err != nil {
+			log.Error().
+				Caller().
+				Err(err).
+				Msg("Failed to write response")
+		}
 
 		return
 	}
@@ -347,10 +467,15 @@ func (h *Headscale) OIDCCallback(ctx *gin.Context) {
 			Caller().
 			Err(err).
 			Msg("could not register machine")
-		ctx.String(
-			http.StatusInternalServerError,
-			"could not register machine",
-		)
+		writer.Header().Set("Content-Type", "text/plain; charset=utf-8")
+		writer.WriteHeader(http.StatusInternalServerError)
+		_, err := writer.Write([]byte("could not register machine"))
+		if err != nil {
+			log.Error().
+				Caller().
+				Err(err).
+				Msg("Failed to write response")
+		}
 
 		return
 	}
@@ -365,12 +490,27 @@ func (h *Headscale) OIDCCallback(ctx *gin.Context) {
 			Str("type", "authenticate").
 			Err(err).
 			Msg("Could not render OIDC callback template")
-		ctx.Data(
-			http.StatusInternalServerError,
-			"text/html; charset=utf-8",
-			[]byte("Could not render OIDC callback template"),
-		)
+
+		writer.Header().Set("Content-Type", "text/plain; charset=utf-8")
+		writer.WriteHeader(http.StatusInternalServerError)
+		_, err := writer.Write([]byte("Could not render OIDC callback template"))
+		if err != nil {
+			log.Error().
+				Caller().
+				Err(err).
+				Msg("Failed to write response")
 		}
 
-	ctx.Data(http.StatusOK, "text/html; charset=utf-8", content.Bytes())
+		return
+	}
+
+	writer.Header().Set("Content-Type", "text/html; charset=utf-8")
+	writer.WriteHeader(http.StatusOK)
+	_, err = writer.Write(content.Bytes())
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Error().
+			Caller().
+			Err(err).
+			Msg("Failed to write response")
+	}
 }

platform_config.go

@@ -6,13 +6,16 @@ import (
 	"net/http"
 	textTemplate "text/template"
 
-	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
 	"github.com/gofrs/uuid"
+	"github.com/gorilla/mux"
 	"github.com/rs/zerolog/log"
 )
 
 // WindowsConfigMessage shows a simple message in the browser for how to configure the Windows Tailscale client.
-func (h *Headscale) WindowsConfigMessage(ctx *gin.Context) {
+func (h *Headscale) WindowsConfigMessage(
+	writer http.ResponseWriter,
+	req *http.Request,
+) {
 	winTemplate := template.Must(template.New("windows").Parse(`
 <html>
 	<body>
@@ -63,20 +66,36 @@ REG ADD "HKLM\Software\Tailscale IPN" /v LoginURL /t REG_SZ /d "{{.URL}}"</code>
 			Str("handler", "WindowsRegConfig").
 			Err(err).
 			Msg("Could not render Windows index template")
-		ctx.Data(
-			http.StatusInternalServerError,
-			"text/html; charset=utf-8",
-			[]byte("Could not render Windows index template"),
-		)
+
+		writer.Header().Set("Content-Type", "text/plain; charset=utf-8")
+		writer.WriteHeader(http.StatusInternalServerError)
+		_, err := writer.Write([]byte("Could not render Windows index template"))
+		if err != nil {
+			log.Error().
+				Caller().
+				Err(err).
+				Msg("Failed to write response")
+		}
 
 		return
 	}
 
-	ctx.Data(http.StatusOK, "text/html; charset=utf-8", payload.Bytes())
+	writer.Header().Set("Content-Type", "text/html; charset=utf-8")
+	writer.WriteHeader(http.StatusOK)
+	_, err := writer.Write(payload.Bytes())
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Error().
+			Caller().
+			Err(err).
+			Msg("Failed to write response")
+	}
 }
 
 // WindowsRegConfig generates and serves a .reg file configured with the Headscale server address.
-func (h *Headscale) WindowsRegConfig(ctx *gin.Context) {
+func (h *Headscale) WindowsRegConfig(
+	writer http.ResponseWriter,
+	req *http.Request,
+) {
 	config := WindowsRegistryConfig{
 		URL: h.cfg.ServerURL,
 	}
@@ -87,24 +106,36 @@ func (h *Headscale) WindowsRegConfig(ctx *gin.Context) {
 			Str("handler", "WindowsRegConfig").
 			Err(err).
 			Msg("Could not render Apple macOS template")
-		ctx.Data(
-			http.StatusInternalServerError,
-			"text/html; charset=utf-8",
-			[]byte("Could not render Windows registry template"),
-		)
+
+		writer.Header().Set("Content-Type", "text/plain; charset=utf-8")
+		writer.WriteHeader(http.StatusInternalServerError)
+		_, err := writer.Write([]byte("Could not render Windows registry template"))
+		if err != nil {
+			log.Error().
+				Caller().
+				Err(err).
+				Msg("Failed to write response")
+		}
 
 		return
 	}
 
-	ctx.Data(
-		http.StatusOK,
-		"text/x-ms-regedit; charset=utf-8",
-		content.Bytes(),
-	)
+	writer.Header().Set("Content-Type", "text/x-ms-regedit; charset=utf-8")
+	writer.WriteHeader(http.StatusOK)
+	_, err := writer.Write(content.Bytes())
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Error().
+			Caller().
+			Err(err).
+			Msg("Failed to write response")
+	}
 }
 
 // AppleConfigMessage shows a simple message in the browser to point the user to the iOS/MacOS profile and instructions for how to install it.
-func (h *Headscale) AppleConfigMessage(ctx *gin.Context) {
+func (h *Headscale) AppleConfigMessage(
+	writer http.ResponseWriter,
+	req *http.Request,
+) {
 	appleTemplate := template.Must(template.New("apple").Parse(`
 <html>
 	<body>
@@ -165,20 +196,45 @@ func (h *Headscale) AppleConfigMessage(ctx *gin.Context) {
 			Str("handler", "AppleMobileConfig").
 			Err(err).
 			Msg("Could not render Apple index template")
-		ctx.Data(
-			http.StatusInternalServerError,
-			"text/html; charset=utf-8",
-			[]byte("Could not render Apple index template"),
-		)
+
+		writer.Header().Set("Content-Type", "text/plain; charset=utf-8")
+		writer.WriteHeader(http.StatusInternalServerError)
+		_, err := writer.Write([]byte("Could not render Apple index template"))
+		if err != nil {
+			log.Error().
+				Caller().
+				Err(err).
+				Msg("Failed to write response")
+		}
 
 		return
 	}
 
-	ctx.Data(http.StatusOK, "text/html; charset=utf-8", payload.Bytes())
+	writer.Header().Set("Content-Type", "text/html; charset=utf-8")
+	writer.WriteHeader(http.StatusOK)
+	_, err := writer.Write(payload.Bytes())
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Error().
+			Caller().
+			Err(err).
+			Msg("Failed to write response")
+	}
 }
 
-func (h *Headscale) ApplePlatformConfig(ctx *gin.Context) {
-	platform := ctx.Param("platform")
+func (h *Headscale) ApplePlatformConfig(
+	writer http.ResponseWriter,
+	req *http.Request,
+) {
+	vars := mux.Vars(req)
+	platform, ok := vars["platform"]
+	if !ok {
+		log.Error().
+			Str("handler", "ApplePlatformConfig").
+			Msg("No platform specified")
+		http.Error(writer, "No platform specified", http.StatusBadRequest)
+
+		return
+	}
 
 	id, err := uuid.NewV4()
 	if err != nil {
@@ -186,11 +242,16 @@ func (h *Headscale) ApplePlatformConfig(ctx *gin.Context) {
 			Str("handler", "ApplePlatformConfig").
 			Err(err).
 			Msg("Failed not create UUID")
-		ctx.Data(
-			http.StatusInternalServerError,
-			"text/html; charset=utf-8",
-			[]byte("Failed to create UUID"),
-		)
+
+		writer.Header().Set("Content-Type", "text/plain; charset=utf-8")
+		writer.WriteHeader(http.StatusInternalServerError)
+		_, err := writer.Write([]byte("Failed to create UUID"))
+		if err != nil {
+			log.Error().
+				Caller().
+				Err(err).
+				Msg("Failed to write response")
+		}
 
 		return
 	}
@@ -201,11 +262,16 @@ func (h *Headscale) ApplePlatformConfig(ctx *gin.Context) {
 			Str("handler", "ApplePlatformConfig").
 			Err(err).
 			Msg("Failed not create UUID")
-		ctx.Data(
-			http.StatusInternalServerError,
-			"text/html; charset=utf-8",
-			[]byte("Failed to create UUID"),
-		)
+
+		writer.Header().Set("Content-Type", "text/plain; charset=utf-8")
+		writer.WriteHeader(http.StatusInternalServerError)
+		_, err := writer.Write([]byte("Failed to create content UUID"))
+		if err != nil {
+			log.Error().
+				Caller().
+				Err(err).
+				Msg("Failed to write response")
+		}
 
 		return
 	}
@@ -224,11 +290,16 @@ func (h *Headscale) ApplePlatformConfig(ctx *gin.Context) {
 				Str("handler", "ApplePlatformConfig").
 				Err(err).
 				Msg("Could not render Apple macOS template")
-			ctx.Data(
-				http.StatusInternalServerError,
-				"text/html; charset=utf-8",
-				[]byte("Could not render Apple macOS template"),
-			)
+
+			writer.Header().Set("Content-Type", "text/plain; charset=utf-8")
+			writer.WriteHeader(http.StatusInternalServerError)
+			_, err := writer.Write([]byte("Could not render Apple macOS template"))
+			if err != nil {
+				log.Error().
+					Caller().
+					Err(err).
+					Msg("Failed to write response")
+			}
 
 			return
 		}
@@ -238,20 +309,29 @@ func (h *Headscale) ApplePlatformConfig(ctx *gin.Context) {
 				Str("handler", "ApplePlatformConfig").
 				Err(err).
 				Msg("Could not render Apple iOS template")
-			ctx.Data(
-				http.StatusInternalServerError,
-				"text/html; charset=utf-8",
-				[]byte("Could not render Apple iOS template"),
-			)
+
+			writer.Header().Set("Content-Type", "text/plain; charset=utf-8")
+			writer.WriteHeader(http.StatusInternalServerError)
+			_, err := writer.Write([]byte("Could not render Apple iOS template"))
+			if err != nil {
+				log.Error().
+					Caller().
+					Err(err).
+					Msg("Failed to write response")
+			}
 
 			return
 		}
 	default:
-		ctx.Data(
-			http.StatusOK,
-			"text/html; charset=utf-8",
-			[]byte("Invalid platform, only ios and macos is supported"),
-		)
+		writer.Header().Set("Content-Type", "text/plain; charset=utf-8")
+		writer.WriteHeader(http.StatusBadRequest)
+		_, err := writer.Write([]byte("Invalid platform, only ios and macos is supported"))
+		if err != nil {
+			log.Error().
+				Caller().
+				Err(err).
+				Msg("Failed to write response")
+		}
 
 		return
 	}
@@ -268,20 +348,29 @@ func (h *Headscale) ApplePlatformConfig(ctx *gin.Context) {
 			Str("handler", "ApplePlatformConfig").
 			Err(err).
 			Msg("Could not render Apple platform template")
-		ctx.Data(
-			http.StatusInternalServerError,
-			"text/html; charset=utf-8",
-			[]byte("Could not render Apple platform template"),
-		)
+
+		writer.Header().Set("Content-Type", "text/plain; charset=utf-8")
+		writer.WriteHeader(http.StatusInternalServerError)
+		_, err := writer.Write([]byte("Could not render Apple platform template"))
+		if err != nil {
+			log.Error().
+				Caller().
+				Err(err).
+				Msg("Failed to write response")
+		}
 
 		return
 	}
 
-	ctx.Data(
-		http.StatusOK,
-		"application/x-apple-aspen-config; charset=utf-8",
-		content.Bytes(),
-	)
+	writer.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/x-apple-aspen-config; charset=utf-8")
+	writer.WriteHeader(http.StatusOK)
+	_, err = writer.Write(content.Bytes())
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Error().
+			Caller().
+			Err(err).
+			Msg("Failed to write response")
+	}
 }
 
 type WindowsRegistryConfig struct {

poll.go

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ import (
 	"net/http"
 	"time"
 
-	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
+	"github.com/gorilla/mux"
 	"github.com/rs/zerolog/log"
 	"gorm.io/gorm"
 	"tailscale.com/tailcfg"
@@ -33,13 +33,25 @@ const machineNameContextKey = contextKey("machineName")
 // only after their first request (marked with the ReadOnly field).
 //
 // At this moment the updates are sent in a quite horrendous way, but they kinda work.
-func (h *Headscale) PollNetMapHandler(ctx *gin.Context) {
+func (h *Headscale) PollNetMapHandler(
+	writer http.ResponseWriter,
+	req *http.Request,
+) {
+	vars := mux.Vars(req)
+	machineKeyStr, ok := vars["mkey"]
+	if !ok || machineKeyStr == "" {
+		log.Error().
+			Str("handler", "PollNetMap").
+			Msg("No machine key in request")
+		http.Error(writer, "No machine key in request", http.StatusBadRequest)
+
+		return
+	}
 	log.Trace().
 		Str("handler", "PollNetMap").
-		Str("id", ctx.Param("id")).
+		Str("id", machineKeyStr).
 		Msg("PollNetMapHandler called")
-	body, _ := io.ReadAll(ctx.Request.Body)
-	machineKeyStr := ctx.Param("id")
+	body, _ := io.ReadAll(req.Body)
 
 	var machineKey key.MachinePublic
 	err := machineKey.UnmarshalText([]byte(MachinePublicKeyEnsurePrefix(machineKeyStr)))
@@ -48,18 +60,19 @@ func (h *Headscale) PollNetMapHandler(ctx *gin.Context) {
 			Str("handler", "PollNetMap").
 			Err(err).
 			Msg("Cannot parse client key")
-		ctx.String(http.StatusBadRequest, "")
+
+		http.Error(writer, "Cannot parse client key", http.StatusBadRequest)
 
 		return
 	}
-	req := tailcfg.MapRequest{}
-	err = decode(body, &req, &machineKey, h.privateKey)
+	mapRequest := tailcfg.MapRequest{}
+	err = decode(body, &mapRequest, &machineKey, h.privateKey)
 	if err != nil {
 		log.Error().
 			Str("handler", "PollNetMap").
 			Err(err).
 			Msg("Cannot decode message")
-		ctx.String(http.StatusBadRequest, "")
+		http.Error(writer, "Cannot decode message", http.StatusBadRequest)
 
 		return
 	}
@@ -70,26 +83,27 @@ func (h *Headscale) PollNetMapHandler(ctx *gin.Context) {
 			log.Warn().
 				Str("handler", "PollNetMap").
 				Msgf("Ignoring request, cannot find machine with key %s", machineKey.String())
-			ctx.String(http.StatusUnauthorized, "")
+
+			http.Error(writer, "", http.StatusUnauthorized)
 
 			return
 		}
 		log.Error().
 			Str("handler", "PollNetMap").
 			Msgf("Failed to fetch machine from the database with Machine key: %s", machineKey.String())
-		ctx.String(http.StatusInternalServerError, "")
+		http.Error(writer, "", http.StatusInternalServerError)
 
 		return
 	}
 	log.Trace().
 		Str("handler", "PollNetMap").
-		Str("id", ctx.Param("id")).
+		Str("id", machineKeyStr).
 		Str("machine", machine.Hostname).
 		Msg("Found machine in database")
 
-	machine.Hostname = req.Hostinfo.Hostname
-	machine.HostInfo = HostInfo(*req.Hostinfo)
-	machine.DiscoKey = DiscoPublicKeyStripPrefix(req.DiscoKey)
+	machine.Hostname = mapRequest.Hostinfo.Hostname
+	machine.HostInfo = HostInfo(*mapRequest.Hostinfo)
+	machine.DiscoKey = DiscoPublicKeyStripPrefix(mapRequest.DiscoKey)
 	now := time.Now().UTC()
 
 	// update ACLRules with peer informations (to update server tags if necessary)
@@ -111,8 +125,8 @@ func (h *Headscale) PollNetMapHandler(ctx *gin.Context) {
 	//
 	// The intended use is for clients to discover the DERP map at start-up
 	// before their first real endpoint update.
-	if !req.ReadOnly {
-		machine.Endpoints = req.Endpoints
+	if !mapRequest.ReadOnly {
+		machine.Endpoints = mapRequest.Endpoints
 		machine.LastSeen = &now
 	}
 
@@ -120,25 +134,25 @@ func (h *Headscale) PollNetMapHandler(ctx *gin.Context) {
 		if err != nil {
 			log.Error().
 				Str("handler", "PollNetMap").
-				Str("id", ctx.Param("id")).
+				Str("id", machineKeyStr).
 				Str("machine", machine.Hostname).
 				Err(err).
 				Msg("Failed to persist/update machine in the database")
-			ctx.String(http.StatusInternalServerError, ":(")
+			http.Error(writer, "", http.StatusInternalServerError)
 
 			return
 		}
 	}
 
-	data, err := h.getMapResponse(machineKey, req, machine)
+	data, err := h.getMapResponse(machineKey, mapRequest, machine)
 	if err != nil {
 		log.Error().
 			Str("handler", "PollNetMap").
-			Str("id", ctx.Param("id")).
+			Str("id", machineKeyStr).
 			Str("machine", machine.Hostname).
 			Err(err).
 			Msg("Failed to get Map response")
-		ctx.String(http.StatusInternalServerError, ":(")
+		http.Error(writer, "", http.StatusInternalServerError)
 
 		return
 	}
@@ -150,19 +164,28 @@ func (h *Headscale) PollNetMapHandler(ctx *gin.Context) {
 	// Details on the protocol can be found in https://github.com/tailscale/tailscale/blob/main/tailcfg/tailcfg.go#L696
 	log.Debug().
 		Str("handler", "PollNetMap").
-		Str("id", ctx.Param("id")).
+		Str("id", machineKeyStr).
 		Str("machine", machine.Hostname).
-		Bool("readOnly", req.ReadOnly).
-		Bool("omitPeers", req.OmitPeers).
-		Bool("stream", req.Stream).
+		Bool("readOnly", mapRequest.ReadOnly).
+		Bool("omitPeers", mapRequest.OmitPeers).
+		Bool("stream", mapRequest.Stream).
 		Msg("Client map request processed")
 
-	if req.ReadOnly {
+	if mapRequest.ReadOnly {
 		log.Info().
 			Str("handler", "PollNetMap").
 			Str("machine", machine.Hostname).
 			Msg("Client is starting up. Probably interested in a DERP map")
-		ctx.Data(http.StatusOK, "application/json; charset=utf-8", data)
+
+		writer.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/json; charset=utf-8")
+		writer.WriteHeader(http.StatusOK)
+		_, err := writer.Write(data)
+		if err != nil {
+			log.Error().
+				Caller().
+				Err(err).
+				Msg("Failed to write response")
+		}
 
 		return
 	}
@@ -177,7 +200,7 @@ func (h *Headscale) PollNetMapHandler(ctx *gin.Context) {
 	// Only create update channel if it has not been created
 	log.Trace().
 		Str("handler", "PollNetMap").
-		Str("id", ctx.Param("id")).
+		Str("id", machineKeyStr).
 		Str("machine", machine.Hostname).
 		Msg("Loading or creating update channel")
 
@@ -189,13 +212,20 @@ func (h *Headscale) PollNetMapHandler(ctx *gin.Context) {
 
 	keepAliveChan := make(chan []byte)
 
-	if req.OmitPeers && !req.Stream {
+	if mapRequest.OmitPeers && !mapRequest.Stream {
 		log.Info().
 			Str("handler", "PollNetMap").
 			Str("machine", machine.Hostname).
 			Msg("Client sent endpoint update and is ok with a response without peer list")
-		ctx.Data(http.StatusOK, "application/json; charset=utf-8", data)
-
+		writer.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/json; charset=utf-8")
+		writer.WriteHeader(http.StatusOK)
+		_, err := writer.Write(data)
+		if err != nil {
+			log.Error().
+				Caller().
+				Err(err).
+				Msg("Failed to write response")
+		}
 		// It sounds like we should update the nodes when we have received a endpoint update
 		// even tho the comments in the tailscale code dont explicitly say so.
 		updateRequestsFromNode.WithLabelValues(machine.Namespace.Name, machine.Hostname, "endpoint-update").
@@ -203,12 +233,12 @@ func (h *Headscale) PollNetMapHandler(ctx *gin.Context) {
 		updateChan <- struct{}{}
 
 		return
-	} else if req.OmitPeers && req.Stream {
+	} else if mapRequest.OmitPeers && mapRequest.Stream {
 		log.Warn().
 			Str("handler", "PollNetMap").
 			Str("machine", machine.Hostname).
 			Msg("Ignoring request, don't know how to handle it")
-		ctx.String(http.StatusBadRequest, "")
+		http.Error(writer, "", http.StatusBadRequest)
 
 		return
 	}
@@ -232,9 +262,10 @@ func (h *Headscale) PollNetMapHandler(ctx *gin.Context) {
 	updateChan <- struct{}{}
 
 	h.PollNetMapStream(
-		ctx,
-		machine,
+		writer,
 		req,
+		machine,
+		mapRequest,
 		machineKey,
 		pollDataChan,
 		keepAliveChan,
@@ -242,7 +273,7 @@ func (h *Headscale) PollNetMapHandler(ctx *gin.Context) {
 	)
 	log.Trace().
 		Str("handler", "PollNetMap").
-		Str("id", ctx.Param("id")).
+		Str("id", machineKeyStr).
 		Str("machine", machine.Hostname).
 		Msg("Finished stream, closing PollNetMap session")
 }
@@ -251,7 +282,8 @@ func (h *Headscale) PollNetMapHandler(ctx *gin.Context) {
 // stream logic, ensuring we communicate updates and data
 // to the connected clients.
 func (h *Headscale) PollNetMapStream(
-	ctx *gin.Context,
+	writer http.ResponseWriter,
+	req *http.Request,
 	machine *Machine,
 	mapRequest tailcfg.MapRequest,
 	machineKey key.MachinePublic,
@@ -259,26 +291,7 @@ func (h *Headscale) PollNetMapStream(
 	keepAliveChan chan []byte,
 	updateChan chan struct{},
 ) {
-	{
-		machine, err := h.GetMachineByMachineKey(machineKey)
-		if err != nil {
-			if errors.Is(err, gorm.ErrRecordNotFound) {
-				log.Warn().
-					Str("handler", "PollNetMap").
-					Msgf("Ignoring request, cannot find machine with key %s", machineKey.String())
-				ctx.String(http.StatusUnauthorized, "")
-
-				return
-			}
-			log.Error().
-				Str("handler", "PollNetMap").
-				Msgf("Failed to fetch machine from the database with Machine key: %s", machineKey.String())
-			ctx.String(http.StatusInternalServerError, "")
-
-			return
-		}
-
-		ctx := context.WithValue(ctx.Request.Context(), machineNameContextKey, machine.Hostname)
+	ctx := context.WithValue(req.Context(), machineNameContextKey, machine.Hostname)
 
 	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(ctx)
 	defer cancel()
@@ -291,9 +304,7 @@ func (h *Headscale) PollNetMapStream(
 		mapRequest,
 		machine,
 	)
-	}
 
-	ctx.Stream(func(writer io.Writer) bool {
 	log.Trace().
 		Str("handler", "PollNetMapStream").
 		Str("machine", machine.Hostname).
@@ -304,6 +315,7 @@ func (h *Headscale) PollNetMapStream(
 		Str("machine", machine.Hostname).
 		Msgf("pollData is %#v, keepAliveChan is %#v, updateChan is %#v", pollDataChan, keepAliveChan, updateChan)
 
+	for {
 		select {
 		case data := <-pollDataChan:
 			log.Trace().
@@ -321,8 +333,21 @@ func (h *Headscale) PollNetMapStream(
 					Err(err).
 					Msg("Cannot write data")
 
-				return false
+				return
 			}
+
+			flusher, ok := writer.(http.Flusher)
+			if !ok {
+				log.Error().
+					Caller().
+					Str("handler", "PollNetMapStream").
+					Str("machine", machine.Hostname).
+					Str("channel", "pollData").
+					Msg("Cannot cast writer to http.Flusher")
+			} else {
+				flusher.Flush()
+			}
+
 			log.Trace().
 				Str("handler", "PollNetMapStream").
 				Str("machine", machine.Hostname).
@@ -343,7 +368,7 @@ func (h *Headscale) PollNetMapStream(
 
 				// client has been removed from database
 				// since the stream opened, terminate connection.
-				return false
+				return
 			}
 			now := time.Now().UTC()
 			machine.LastSeen = &now
@@ -360,16 +385,16 @@ func (h *Headscale) PollNetMapStream(
 					Str("channel", "pollData").
 					Err(err).
 					Msg("Cannot update machine LastSuccessfulUpdate")
-			} else {
+
+				return
+			}
+
 			log.Trace().
 				Str("handler", "PollNetMapStream").
 				Str("machine", machine.Hostname).
 				Str("channel", "pollData").
 				Int("bytes", len(data)).
-					Msg("Machine entry in database updated successfully after sending pollData")
-			}
-
-			return true
+				Msg("Machine entry in database updated successfully after sending data")
 
 		case data := <-keepAliveChan:
 			log.Trace().
@@ -387,8 +412,20 @@ func (h *Headscale) PollNetMapStream(
 					Err(err).
 					Msg("Cannot write keep alive message")
 
-				return false
+				return
 			}
+			flusher, ok := writer.(http.Flusher)
+			if !ok {
+				log.Error().
+					Caller().
+					Str("handler", "PollNetMapStream").
+					Str("machine", machine.Hostname).
+					Str("channel", "keepAlive").
+					Msg("Cannot cast writer to http.Flusher")
+			} else {
+				flusher.Flush()
+			}
+
 			log.Trace().
 				Str("handler", "PollNetMapStream").
 				Str("machine", machine.Hostname).
@@ -409,7 +446,7 @@ func (h *Headscale) PollNetMapStream(
 
 				// client has been removed from database
 				// since the stream opened, terminate connection.
-				return false
+				return
 			}
 			now := time.Now().UTC()
 			machine.LastSeen = &now
@@ -421,16 +458,16 @@ func (h *Headscale) PollNetMapStream(
 					Str("channel", "keepAlive").
 					Err(err).
 					Msg("Cannot update machine LastSeen")
-			} else {
+
+				return
+			}
+
 			log.Trace().
 				Str("handler", "PollNetMapStream").
 				Str("machine", machine.Hostname).
 				Str("channel", "keepAlive").
 				Int("bytes", len(data)).
 				Msg("Machine updated successfully after sending keep alive")
-			}
-
-			return true
 
 		case <-updateChan:
 			log.Trace().
@@ -440,6 +477,7 @@ func (h *Headscale) PollNetMapStream(
 				Msg("Received a request for update")
 			updateRequestsReceivedOnChannel.WithLabelValues(machine.Namespace.Name, machine.Hostname).
 				Inc()
+
 			if h.isOutdated(machine) {
 				var lastUpdate time.Time
 				if machine.LastSuccessfulUpdate != nil {
@@ -459,6 +497,8 @@ func (h *Headscale) PollNetMapStream(
 						Str("channel", "update").
 						Err(err).
 						Msg("Could not get the map update")
+
+					return
 				}
 				_, err = writer.Write(data)
 				if err != nil {
@@ -471,8 +511,21 @@ func (h *Headscale) PollNetMapStream(
 					updateRequestsSentToNode.WithLabelValues(machine.Namespace.Name, machine.Hostname, "failed").
 						Inc()
 
-					return false
+					return
 				}
+
+				flusher, ok := writer.(http.Flusher)
+				if !ok {
+					log.Error().
+						Caller().
+						Str("handler", "PollNetMapStream").
+						Str("machine", machine.Hostname).
+						Str("channel", "update").
+						Msg("Cannot cast writer to http.Flusher")
+				} else {
+					flusher.Flush()
+				}
+
 				log.Trace().
 					Str("handler", "PollNetMapStream").
 					Str("machine", machine.Hostname).
@@ -499,7 +552,7 @@ func (h *Headscale) PollNetMapStream(
 
 					// client has been removed from database
 					// since the stream opened, terminate connection.
-					return false
+					return
 				}
 				now := time.Now().UTC()
 
@@ -515,6 +568,8 @@ func (h *Headscale) PollNetMapStream(
 						Str("channel", "update").
 						Err(err).
 						Msg("Cannot update machine LastSuccessfulUpdate")
+
+					return
 				}
 			} else {
 				var lastUpdate time.Time
@@ -529,9 +584,7 @@ func (h *Headscale) PollNetMapStream(
 					Msgf("%s is up to date", machine.Hostname)
 			}
 
-			return true
-
-		case <-ctx.Request.Context().Done():
+		case <-ctx.Done():
 			log.Info().
 				Str("handler", "PollNetMapStream").
 				Str("machine", machine.Hostname).
@@ -550,7 +603,7 @@ func (h *Headscale) PollNetMapStream(
 
 				// client has been removed from database
 				// since the stream opened, terminate connection.
-				return false
+				return
 			}
 			now := time.Now().UTC()
 			machine.LastSeen = &now
@@ -564,9 +617,18 @@ func (h *Headscale) PollNetMapStream(
 					Msg("Cannot update machine LastSeen")
 			}
 
-			return false
+			// The connection has been closed, so we can stop polling.
+			return
+
+		case <-h.shutdownChan:
+			log.Info().
+				Str("handler", "PollNetMapStream").
+				Str("machine", machine.Hostname).
+				Msg("The long-poll handler is shutting down")
+
+			return
+		}
 	}
-	})
 }
 
 func (h *Headscale) scheduledPollWorker(

swagger.go

@@ -6,14 +6,16 @@ import (
 	"html/template"
 	"net/http"
 
-	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
 	"github.com/rs/zerolog/log"
 )
 
 //go:embed gen/openapiv2/headscale/v1/headscale.swagger.json
 var apiV1JSON []byte
 
-func SwaggerUI(ctx *gin.Context) {
+func SwaggerUI(
+	writer http.ResponseWriter,
+	req *http.Request,
+) {
 	swaggerTemplate := template.Must(template.New("swagger").Parse(`
 <html>
 	<head>
@@ -52,18 +54,41 @@ func SwaggerUI(ctx *gin.Context) {
 			Caller().
 			Err(err).
 			Msg("Could not render Swagger")
-		ctx.Data(
-			http.StatusInternalServerError,
-			"text/html; charset=utf-8",
-			[]byte("Could not render Swagger"),
-		)
+
+		writer.Header().Set("Content-Type", "text/plain; charset=utf-8")
+		writer.WriteHeader(http.StatusInternalServerError)
+		_, err := writer.Write([]byte("Could not render Swagger"))
+		if err != nil {
+			log.Error().
+				Caller().
+				Err(err).
+				Msg("Failed to write response")
+		}
 
 		return
 	}
 
-	ctx.Data(http.StatusOK, "text/html; charset=utf-8", payload.Bytes())
+	writer.Header().Set("Content-Type", "text/html; charset=utf-8")
+	writer.WriteHeader(http.StatusOK)
+	_, err := writer.Write(payload.Bytes())
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Error().
+			Caller().
+			Err(err).
+			Msg("Failed to write response")
+	}
 }
 
-func SwaggerAPIv1(ctx *gin.Context) {
-	ctx.Data(http.StatusOK, "application/json; charset=utf-8", apiV1JSON)
+func SwaggerAPIv1(
+	writer http.ResponseWriter,
+	req *http.Request,
+) {
+	writer.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/json; charset=utf-88")
+	writer.WriteHeader(http.StatusOK)
+	if _, err := writer.Write(apiV1JSON); err != nil {
+		log.Error().
+			Caller().
+			Err(err).
+			Msg("Failed to write response")
+	}
 }

utils.go

@@ -324,18 +324,18 @@ func GenerateRandomStringURLSafe(n int) (string, error) {
 // It will return an error if the system's secure random
 // number generator fails to function correctly, in which
 // case the caller should not continue.
-func GenerateRandomStringDNSSafe(n int) (string, error) {
+func GenerateRandomStringDNSSafe(size int) (string, error) {
 	var str string
 	var err error
-	for len(str) < n {
-		str, err = GenerateRandomStringURLSafe(n)
+	for len(str) < size {
+		str, err = GenerateRandomStringURLSafe(size)
 		if err != nil {
 			return "", err
 		}
 		str = strings.ToLower(strings.ReplaceAll(strings.ReplaceAll(str, "_", ""), "-", ""))
 	}
 
-	return str[:n], nil
+	return str[:size], nil
 }
 
 func IsStringInSlice(slice []string, str string) bool {